The meaning of a special audit is the audit that is conducted to probe the specific organization's activities. This type of audit is initiated by a third party most of the time. The third party can be a tax authority or a government agency. Any other relevant entity, such as the internal authorities, can also conduct the special audit.
A few examples of the special audits are fraud audits, cost audits, royalty audits, control audits, and compensation audits.
If any abnormal behaviour is suspected within the organization, then the need for a special audit arises. If the laws and regulations in the organisation have been overlooked in the finances or financial management, then the authorities are called for a special purpose audit.
These special audits are not limited only to cases of fraud. They can also be conducted for other violations in the organisation. They can be related to authorizations, duties, responsibilities of senior management, or internal control procedures. Similarly, the special audits are also related to bankruptcy or corporate reorganization.
As you know, the special audits are normally conducted outside of routine with a special purpose. These special purposes are generally different in nature, and the overall outcomes are based on these audits.